UNESCO has declared the Elche Mystery Play to be a Masterpiece of World Oral and Intangible Heritage. In simpler terms, it is a lyrical drama dating from the Middle Ages, about the death of the Virgin Mary and her ascent to heaven. First performed in the 15th century in the Basilica of Saint Mary, the play has only survived because Elche obtained a Papal Bull to keep it alive after performances in churches were banned by the Council of Trent. The play is the last surviving example of this type of drama, employing Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque melodies. The story is related by 300 amateur performers and singers, and watched by the entire town. After the performance there is a major procession through the streets of Elche. A full dress rehearsal takes place on the first three days of the festival, while the main event takes place on the final two days.

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